Hans Gersbach, Armin Schmutzler, External spillovers, internal spillovers and the geography of production and innovation, Regional Science and Urban Economics, Vol. 29 (6), 1999. (Journal Article)
We consider a three-location duopoly model such that (i) firms choose production and innovation locations before (Bertrand) competition takes place and (ii) there are internal and external knowledge spillovers. We show: (1) agglomerations where firms earn negative profits may exist when there are both external and internal knowledge spillovers; (2) greater external spillovers do not necessarily favor agglomeration; (3) decreasing communication costs tend to favor agglomeration; (4) there are exactly two types of agglomeration equilibria: either both firms innovate in the agglomeration, or there is an innovator and an imitator; and (5) if there is a location where both firms produce, then innovation must take place in this location. |
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Abraham Bernstein, Populating the Specificity Frontier: IT-Support for Dynamic Business Processes, No. IFI-2008.0003, Version: 1, October 1999. (Technical Report)
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Eckart Jäger, Exchange rates and bertrand oligopoly, Journal of Economics, Vol. 70 (3), 1999. (Journal Article)
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Peter Zweifel, Stefan Felder, Markus Meiers, Ageing of population and health care expenditure: a red herring?, Health Economics, Vol. 8 (6), 1999. (Journal Article)
This paper studies the relationship between health care expenditure (HCE) and age, using longitudinal rather than cross-sectional data. The econometric analysis of HCE in the last eight quarters of life of individuals who died during the period 1983-1992 indicates that HCE depends on remaining lifetime but not on calendar age, at least beyond 65+. The positive relationship between age and HCE observed in cross-sectional data may be caused by the simple fact that at age 80, for example, there are many more individuals living in their last 2 years than at age 65. The limited impact of age on HCE suggests that population ageing may contribute much less to future growth of the health care sector than claimed by most observers. |
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Rüdiger Lause, Gerhard Schwabe, Towards a groupware didactic - Experiences from the training of groupware in Cuparla, In: ECSCW '99 Workshop on Evolving Use of Groupware, Evolving Use of Groupware, 1999-09-12. (Conference or Workshop Paper)
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Abraham Bernstein, Executing Programs with various degrees of Specificities: Populating the Spectrum of Specificity, No. IFI-2008.0002, Version: 1, September 1999. (Technical Report)
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Ernst Fehr, K M Schmidt, A Theory of Fairness, Competition, and Cooperation, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 114 (3), 1999. (Journal Article)
There is strong evidence that people exploit their bargaining power in competitive markets but not in bilateral bargaining situations. There is also strong evidence that people exploit free-riding opportunities in voluntary cooperation games. Yet, when they are given the opportunity to punish free riders, stable cooperation is maintained, although punishment is costly for those who punish. This paper asks whether there is a simple common principle that can explain this puzzling evidence. We show that if some people care about equity the puzzles can be resolved. It turns out that the economic environment determines whether the fair types or the selfish types dominate equilibrium behavior |
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David Seidl, Organisational identity in Niklas Luhmann’s theory of social systems, In: 15th European Group for Organizational Studies (EGOS) Colloquium. 1999. (Conference Presentation)
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Carmen Tanner, Constraints on environmental behavior, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 19 (2), 1999. (Journal Article)
The purpose of this study was to examine crucial predictors of driving frequency. In contrast to traditional psychological environmental research emphasizing primarily personal variables in explaining environmental behavior, the perspective taken in this article is that behavior is generally prevented by a host of constraints. Therefore, this study was aimed at identifying prevalent constraints inhibiting individuals from reducing their driving frequency. By means of questionnaire data collected from a sample of Swiss adults two classes of constraints were examined: (a) Subjective factors that were assumed to affect the preference for proenvironmental behavioral alternatives (sense of responsibility, perceived behavioral barriers); and (b) objective conditions that inhibit the performance of proenvironmental action (socio-demographic variables such as lack of automobile, place of residence, income). Multiple regression analyses indicated that subjective constraints explained a significant amount of variance in behavioral reports, but structural constraints also contributed to explaining variance. Theoretical and applied implications of examining constraints to which people are subjected to and implications for further research are discussed. |
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Abraham Bernstein, Chrysanthos Dellarocas, Mark Klein, Towards Adaptive Workflow Systems - CSCW-98 Workshop Report, SGMOD-Record and SIGGROUP-Bulletin, 1999. (Journal Article)
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Abraham Bernstein, Process/Task Grammar, No. IFI-2008.0001, Version: 1, June 1999. (Technical Report)
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Maria Saez Marti, Jörgen W Weibull, Clever agents in Young's evolutionary bargaining model, Journal of Economic Theory, Vol. 86 (2), 1999. (Journal Article)
In the models of Young (1993, Econometrica61, 57–84; 1993, J. Econ. Theory 59, 145–168), boundedly rational individuals are recurrently matched to play a game, and they play myopic best replies to the recent history of play. It could therefore be an advantage to instead play a myopic best reply to the myopic best reply, something boundedly rational players might conceivably also do. We investigate this possibility in the context of Young's (J. Econ. Theory 59, 145–168) bargaining model. It turns out that “cleverness” in this respect indeed does have an advantage in some cases. However, if all individuals are equally informed about past play, in a statistical sense, then the Nash bargaining solution remains the unique long-run outcome when the mutation rate goes to zero. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers C70, C78. |
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E Rühli, Sybille Sachs, Case study: The Novartis mega-merger – An intra-organizational evolutionary perspective, Journal of Strategic Change, Vol. 8 (4), 1999. (Journal Article)
This article provides an analysis of the NOVARTIS mega‐merger in January 1997, leading to the second biggest pharmaceutical company in the world. A concept of analysis to clarify the crucial aspects of such an outstanding strategic event in a comprehensive way is developed. The intra‐organizational evolutionary perspective demonstrates that fundamental patterns of development in a merger can be explained and predicated based on the analysis of the two candidates' previous patterns. This approach provides deep insights not only for academics, but also for managers and consultants designing and leading a mega‐merger in reality. |
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Marek Pycia, Marek G Pycia, A convolution inequality, Aequationes Mathematicae, Vol. 57 (2-3), 1999. (Journal Article)
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Michel Habib, D Bruce Johnsen, The financing and redeployment of specific assets, Journal of Finance, Vol. 54 (2), 1999. (Journal Article)
We model the role various forms of nonrecourse secured debt play in efficiently redeploying assets whose value is state‐specific. Ex ante, an entrepreneur and an asset redeployer make noncontractible state‐specific investments in the primary and next‐best uses of an asset, respectively. The redeployer provides a secured nonrecourse loan equal to the value of the asset in the critical state that separates the good and bad states. In the event of a bad state, this contract averts ex post bargaining over the asset's quasi‐rents on redeployment and leaves the parties' ex ante investments undistorted. |
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Josef Falkinger, Social instability and redistribution of income, European Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 15 (1), 1999. (Journal Article)
Rational agents can express discontent with a given distribution of income by threatening to disrupt an economy, if such a threat is profitable. This paper describes such circumstances in a two-class model. Social stability constraints define the acceptable set of income distributions, the range of which is determined by the extent to which income-generating abilities are vulnerable to disruption. Opportunities for disruption vary across stages of economic development. There is possibly no stable distribution in a low developed economy, whereas in an advanced economy, characterized by complex and interdependent production, stable distributions exist. This distinction provides a basis for the observed increasing significance of social stabilization by redistributive policy in the course of economic development. |
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Helmut Max Dietl, Markus Pauli, Susanne Royer, Exportschlager Universalbankensystem. Institutioneller Rahmen bietet Banken Entwicklungsfreiheit, In: Die Bank der Zukunft, Verlagsbeilage zur Frankfurter Allgemeinen Zeitung, p. 1 - 2, 22 March 1999. (Newspaper Article)
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Thorsten Hens, Alan Kirman, Luis Phlips, Eckart Jäger, Exchange rates and oligopoly, European Economic Review, Vol. 43 (3), 1999. (Journal Article)
The purpose of this paper is to explain empirical observations concerning the impact of exchange rate changes on industrial prices. As exchange rates change the pass-through into industrial prices is often incomplete and sometimes it goes into the "wrong" direction, i.e. the prices in the depreciating country decrease while those in the appreciating country increase. The latter is called "perverse pass-through". The usual context for such observations is one of segmented markets and imperfect competition. We consider the simplest model with these characteristics: Two duopolistic firms which both operate in two countries. The markets of the two countries are separate and each of the firms produces its good in one of these countries. We study the effect of an exchange rate change on the prices in each country and on the level of sales and of profits of each of the firms. When strong restrictions such as constant marginal costs are imposed, prices move in the "right" direction in response to an exchange rate change. However, with general cost and demand structures, even in this simple model, it is possible for prices in both countries to move in "perverse" directions. |
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Piero Gottardi, Thorsten Hens, Disaggregation of excess demand and comparative statics with incomplete markets and nominal assets, Economic Theory, Vol. 13 (2), 1999. (Journal Article)
We prove that locally, Walras' law and homogeneity characterize the structure of market excess demand functions when financial markets are incomplete and assets' returns are nominal. The method of proof is substantially different from all existing arguments as the properties of individual demand are also different. We show that this result has important implications and is part of a more general result that excess demand is an essentially arbitrary function not just of prices, but also of the exogenous parameters of the economy as asset returns, preferences, and endowments. Thus locally the equilibrium manifold, relating equilibrium prices to these parameters has also no structure. |
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Uschi Backes-Gellner, Arbeitszeitmodelle in der Industrie - eine Alternative auch für Krankenhäuser?, Krankenhaus Umschau (10), 1999. (Journal Article)
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