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Contribution Details

Type Working Paper
Scope Discipline-based scholarship
Title Being Independent is a Great Thing: Subjective Evaluations of Self-Employment and Hierarchy
Organization Unit
Authors
  • Bruno Frey
  • Matthias Benz
Language
  • English
Institution University of Zurich
Series Name Working paper series / Institute for Empirical Research in Economics
Number No. 135
ISSN 1424-0459
Date 2006
Abstract Text One can be independent, or subject to decisions made by others. This paper argues that this difference, embodied in the institutional difference between the decisionmaking procedures “market” and “hierarchy”, affects individual well-being beyond outcomes. Taking self-employment as an important case of independence, it is shown that the self-employed derive higher satisfaction from work than people employed innorganizations, irrespective of income gained or hours worked. This is evidence for procedural utility: people do not only value outcomes, but also the processes leading to outcomes.
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