Helmut Max Dietl, Egon Franck, Effizienzprobleme in Sportligen mit gewinnmaximierenden Kapitalgesellschaften - Eine modelltheoretische Untersuchung, Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft, Vol. 70, 2000. (Journal Article)
|
|
 Egon Franck, J C Müller, Fussball-Aktien: Nur ausnahmsweise ein Renner, Die Bank, Vol. 3, 2000. (Journal Article)
Aktien von Fußball-Vereinen haftet immer noch das Etikett des Exotischen an: bislang werden diese denn auch erst an wenigen europäischen Börsen gehandelt. So werden an der London Stock Exchange (LSE) 18 der 92 englischen sowie 2 schottische Profi-Clubs notiert. Außerbörslich (OFEX) werden darüber hinaus Arsenal London, Manchester City und Glasgow Rangers gehandelt. In Kontinentaleuropa lassen sich börsennotierte Clubs hingegen kaum finden. Gerade mal 34 Vereine wagten bislang den Schritt an den Aktienmarkt. In der Bundesrepublik Deutschland wird mutmaßlich Borussia Dortmund (im Jahr 2000 oder 2001) diesen Schritt wagen. Vorausgegangen waren Satzungsänderungen des Deutschen Fußball-Bundes (DFB), der seit 1998 auch die Mitgliedschaft von Kapitalgesellschaften zuläßt. Ein Blick auf die Erfahrungen im Ausland läßt jedoch Zweifel an der Attraktivität der Fußball-Aktien aus Anlegersicht aufkommen: i.d.R. notierten die Anteile zum Emissionstag auf Höchstständen, um dann in der Folge bei geringen Umsätzen und stark volatilen Kursverläufen unter Emissionspreis dahinzudümpeln. Zudem ergeben sich bei den geplanten Emissionen deutscher Vereine noch weitere Besonderheiten: bislang waren deutsche Fußballclubs nicht am Ziel der Gewinnorientierung interessiert, dem Ligaumfeld der Vereine kommt eine enorme Bedeutung zu, die Rechtsform wird mutmaßlich eine KGaA sein, was die Aktionärsrechte weitgehend beschneiden wird, es existieren vielfältige Interdependenzen zu den Mitbewerbern, die vermarktbaren Produkte sind Teamprodukte (und somit nicht veränderlich), es existieren keine Ausstiegsoptionen aus dem Bundesliga-Reglement, Handelsregulierung, Ausschluß von Mehrfachbeteiligungen und das Verbot vertikaler Integration wirken sich restriktiv auf die Erfolgsschancen der Fußball-Aktien aus. |
|
Egon Franck, Gegen die Mythen der Hochschulreformdiskussion - Wie Selektionsorientierung, Nonprofit-Verfassungen und klassische Professorenbeschäftigungsverhältnisse im amerikanischen Hochschulwesen zusammenpassen, Zeitschrift für Betriebswirtschaft, Vol. 70 (Ergänz), 2000. (Journal Article)
|
|
Egon Franck, C Opitz, Improving German Higher Education - The Misunderstanding of Competition, Quality, and the Transition Process, Economic Systems, Vol. 24, 2000. (Journal Article)
|
|
Egon Franck, B Schönfelder, On the Role of Competition in Higher Education - Uses and Abuses of the Economic Metaphor, Schmalenbach Business Review (sbr), Vol. 52, 2000. (Journal Article)
|
|
Egon Franck, C Opitz, Selektion und Veredelung von Humankapital - Implikationen für eine leistungsorientierte Vergütung von Hochschullehrern, Zeitschrift für Personalforschung (ZfP), Vol. 14, 2000. (Journal Article)
|
|
Egon Franck, Sportlicher Wettbewerb - ökonomisch analysiert am Beispiel des Teamsports, In: Beiträge der Sportökonomik zur Beratung der Sportpolitik, Bundesinstitut für Sportwissenschaft, Deutschland, Köln, p. 47 - 58, 2000. (Book Chapter)
|
|
Egon Franck, T Pudack, Unternehmensberatungen und die Selektion von Humankapital - Eine ökonomische Analyse, Die Unternehmung, Vol. 54 (2), 2000. (Journal Article)
|
|
Josef Falkinger, Ernst Fehr, Simon Gächter, Rudolf Winter-Ebmer, A simple mechanism for the efficient provision of public goods: experimental evidence, American Economic Review, Vol. 90 (1), 2000. (Journal Article)
The author reports on a series of experiments designed to investigate the factor of incentive mechanisms in the case of private provisions of public goods. In the Control treatment, there was no mechanism so that subjects faced strong free-riding incentives. In the so-called Falkinger mechanism treatment, the author implemented the Falkinger mechanism. The studies explored the impact of the mechanism in different economic environments. Results showed that the proposed incentive mechanism is very promising. Section I of the paper introduces the mechanism to be examined. Section II discusses the experimental design. Empirical results are provided in Section III, and Section IV interprets these results followed by a summary. |
|
Christian Ewerhart, Chess-like games are dominance solvable in at most two steps, Games and Economic Behavior, Vol. 33 (1), 2000. (Journal Article)
We show that strictly competitive, finite games of perfect information that may end in one of three possible ways can be solved by applying only two rounds of elimination of dominated strategies. |
|
Peter Zweifel, Criteria for the future division of labor between private and social health insurance, Journal of Health Care Finance, Vol. 26 (3), 2000. (Journal Article)
This article's point of departure is that the individual has to manage three stochastic assets, namely health, wealth, and wisdom (skills), which tend to be positively correlated. It shows that the unexpected components of insurance payments should be negatively correlated for minimizing total asset volatility. The empirical finding is that in the United States, Japan, and Germany, the lines of social insurance contribute less to diversification than do those of private insurance. The article concludes with suggestions for new, umbrella-type insurance contracts that in the future should help individuals in the efficient management of their assets. |
|
Kjetil Storesletten, Fabrizio Zilibotti, Education, Educational Policy and Growth, Swedish Economic Policy Review, Vol. 7, 2000. (Journal Article)
This paper reviews the recent theoretical and empirical literature that relates education to growth, and draws some lessons for the Swedish experience. First, the “human capital accumulation” approach is discussed: agents decide, at each moment of their lives, to forego time or resources to improve their future productivity. The quality of the educational system is argued to be a crucial determinant of the decision to invest in human capital and of the growth rate of the economy. Hence, qualified teachers and appropriate incentive schemes within the schooling sectors are important for the long-run performance of the economy. Next, the trade-off between basic innovation (promoted by a restricted subset of economic activities) and learning-by-doing (which occurs at a more diffuse level in the economy) is analysed. It is argued that the former can be fostered by investments in “elite” research institutions, while the latter depends on the average educational attainment of the working population. Finally, the relationship between education, growth and inequality is discussed. The second part of the paper analyses recent trends in educational attainments in Sweden. Data show that enrolment rates in tertiary education in Sweden have lagged behind the major industrialised countries during the 1980s. Quantitatively, however, this is unlikely to be a major explanation of the productivity slowdown experienced by Sweden after 1970. But it is emphasised that (i) low educational premiums may harm incentives for people to invest in human capital; and (ii) low relative wages and low-power incentive schemes for teachers may cause a deterioration in the quality of education with negative effects on long-run growth. |
|
Josef Falkinger, Josef Zweimüller, Learning for employment, innovating for growth, Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics JITE, Vol. 156, 2000. (Journal Article)
We present a model in which workers must be educated to get a good job and firms must innovate in order to increase productivity. Education as well as innovation and production require skilled labor as inputs. This, together with the fact that learning opportunities differ across workers, determine simultaneously the long-run level of skilled employment and the long-run rate of growth. We study the impact of changes in the factors which affect the education of workers and the incentives to innovate, and discuss the growth and employment effects of labor market policy measures. |
|
Rainer Winkelmann, Seemingly unrelated negative binomial regression, Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 64 (4), 2000. (Journal Article)
This paper discusses the specification and estimation of seemingly unrelated multivariate count data models. A new model with negative binomial marginals is proposed. In contrast to a previous model based on the multivariate Poisson distribution, the new model allows for over-dispersion, a phenomenon that is frequently encountered in economic count data. Semi-parametric estimation is possible if some of the assumption of the fully specified model are violated. |
|
Peter Zweifel, Switzerland, Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law, Vol. 25 (5), 2000. (Journal Article)
|
|
Dario Bonato, Armin Schmutzler, When do firms benefit from environmental regulations? A simple microeconomic approach to the Porter controversy, Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik = Swiss journal of economics and statistics, Vol. 136 (4), 2000. (Journal Article)
Michael Porter and others have recently argued that suitable environmental regulations are likely to induce cost-reducing innovations. We analyze under which conditions such arguments might be consistent with microeconomic analysis, and under which additional conditions the firms' benefits might exceed the costs. It turns out that this requires fairly specific conditions. |
|
Christian Ewerhart, Patrick W Schmitz, “Yes men”, integrity, and the optimal design of incentive contracts, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol. 43 (1), 2000. (Journal Article)
In a pioneering approach towards the explanation of the phenomenon of “yes man” behavior in organizations, Prendergast [American Economic Review 83 (1993) 757–770] argued that incentive contracts in employment relationships generally make a worker distort his privately acquired information. This would imply that there is a trade-off between inducing a worker to exert costly effort and inducing him to tell the truth. In contrast, we show that with optimally designed contracts, which we term integrity contracts, the worker will both exert effort and report his information truthfully, and hence the first best can be achieved. |
|
Gerald Reif, Moderne Aspekte der Wissensverarbeitung - Ein interaktiver Lernbehelf für das Web Based Training, Graz University of Technology, 2000. (Master's Thesis)
|
|
Rolf Schwitter, Diego Mollà Aliod, Rachel Fournier, Michael Hess, Answer Extraction Towards better Evaluations of NLP Systems, In: Workshop on Reading Comprehension Tests as Evaluation for Computer-Based Language Understanding Systems. ANLP-NAACL, Seattle, Washington, US, 2000. (Conference or Workshop Paper)
We argue that reading comprehension tests are
not particularly suited for the evaluation of
NLP systems. Reading comprehension tests are
specifically designed to evaluate human reading
skills, and these require vast amounts of world
knowledge and common-sense reasoning capabilities.
Experience has shown that this kind of
full-fledged question answering (QA) over texts
from a wide range of domains is so difficult for
machines as to be far beyond the present state
of the art of NLP. To advance the field we propose
a much more modest evaluation set-up, viz.
Answer Extraction (AE) over texts from highly
restricted domains. AE aims at retrieving those
sentences from documents that contain the explicit
answer to a user query. AE is less ambitious
than full-fledged QA but has a number of
important advantages over QA. It relies mainly
on linguistic knowledge and needs only a very
limited amount of world knowledge and few inference
rules. However, it requires the solution
of a number of key linguistic ... |
|
Gerold Schneider, Diego Mollà Aliod, Michael Hess, Inkrementelle minimale logische Formen für die Antwortextraktion, In: Proceedings of 34th Linguistic Colloquium, University of Mainz, FASK, Mainz, Germany, 2000. (Conference or Workshop Paper)
Wir beschreiben das Format der logischen Formen des Antwortextraktionssystem ExtrAns.
ExtrAns vermag zu zeigen, dass der gegenwärtige Stand der Forschung in
Computerlinguistik die Verwendung linguistischer Analyse realer Texte zur Auffindung der
eine Frage beantwortenden Passagen erlaubt. ExtrAns verwendet eine Abfolge von
Modulen um sowohl den Quelltext (UNIX manpages) als auch die Benutzeranfragen zu
bearbeiten. Die wichtigsten Module umfassen Parsing, Disambiguierung,
Anaphernresolution und die Generierung einer logischen Form (letztere von uns
entwickelt).
Als Verarbeitungsergebnis erhalten wir Minimale logische Formeln (MLFs) in
Hornklausellogik. MLFs sind existentiell geschlossene Konjunktionen atomarer Formeln,
welche nur die minimal für die Antwortextraktion benötigte Information enthalten, sogar
für was normalerweise als universelle Quantifikation, Implikation oder propositionaler
Inhalt dargestellt wird. Um dies zu bewerstelligen verwenden wir Reifikation von Objekten,
Eventualitäten und Eigenschaften.
Ein Hauptmerkmal der MLFs ist, dass sie nicht alle im Text vorhandenen, sondern nur die
für ExtrAns benötigte Information enthalten. Alles andere wird unterspezifiziert gelassen,
kann aber jederzeit ergänzt werden, ohne dass Information in den MLFs modifiziert oder
gelöscht werden müsste. Dies erlaubt die Verwendung von Inferenztechniken, die auf der
Monotonie der logischen Form aufbauen, um die Antwort auf eine Frage zu finden. |
|