Klaudia Ponikiewska, Włodzimierz Strus, Jan Cieciuch, Revealing the hierarchical structure of temperamental constructs distinguished in eight theories, Acta Psychologica, Vol. 226 (103557), 2022. (Journal Article)
The paper explores the hierarchical structure of temperament with the inclusion of a wide catalog of temperamental constructs derived from eight different theoretical models. Analyses were conducted on a group of 412 participants aged from 16 to 79 (Mage = 28.49, SDage = 11.64), administrating nine well-established measures of temperament, with a representation of 34 different constructs. An eight-level hierarchical structure of temperament was obtained using a top-down procedure. The results are discussed twofold: (1) relating the subsequent levels of the obtained structure to the existing theories and models of temperament, and (2) regarding possible identification of the most general dimensions of temperament, that percolate the abundant catalogs of its specific constructs. The latter—considering both an empirical and theoretical perspectives—resulted in the emergence of the Big Two broad factors, being recognized as two fundamental dimensions of temperament. The first factor (Neuroticism/Emotionality) refers to general (negative) emotionality and susceptibility to react with negative affect, whereas the second (Extraversion/Sensation Seeking) is expressed in broadly understood activity and its diversity, as well as high stimuli value of functioning. |
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Anna Czyżkowska, Jan Cieciuch, Marital goals: Circular value-based model and measurement, Current Psychology, Vol. 41 (6), 2022. (Journal Article)
The aim of the research presented in this article was to develop a comprehensive model and measurement of marital goals. The aim of Study 1 was to validate the initial model of marital goals according to Schwartz’s model of values (defined as general transsituational goals). The sample consisted of 684 participants (50% female), all of whom were either married or cohabiting couples aged between 25 and 60 years (M = 37.2; SD = 5.3). The obtained results led to a modification of our initial theoretical model. In the final version of the model, we distinguished eight types of marital goals located in a circular way around two basic dimensions that were similar but not identical to those of Schwartz’s model: (1) oneself versus other focus and (2) relationship commitment versus avoidance. We validated the model in Study 2 in another sample of 1268 participants (50% female) with married couples aged between 18 and 86 years (M = 47.2; SD = 16.1). The measurement model was confirmed through a confirmatory factor analysis; the circular structure was confirmed through multidimensional scaling; the validity of the distinguished goals was confirmed through correlational analyses with value priorities, and marital satisfaction. |
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Matúš Medo, Manuel Mariani, Linyuan Lü, The simple regularities in the dynamics of online news impact, Journal of Computational Social Science, Vol. 5 (1), 2022. (Journal Article)
Online news can quickly reach and affect millions of people, yet we do not know yet whether there exist potential dynamical regularities that govern their impact on the public. We use data from two major news outlets, BBC and New York Times, where the number of user comments can be used as a proxy of news impact. We find that the impact dynamics of online news articles does not exhibit popularity patterns found in many other social and information systems. In particular, we find that a simple exponential distribution yields a better fit to the empirical news impact distributions than a power-law distribution. This observation is explained by the lack or limited influence of the otherwise omnipresent rich-get-richer mechanism in the analyzed data. The temporal dynamics of the news impact exhibits a universal exponential decay which allows us to collapse individual news trajectories into an elementary single curve. We also show how daily variations of user activity directly influence the dynamics of the article impact. Our findings challenge the universal applicability of popularity dynamics patterns found in other social contexts. |
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Patryk Łakuta, Jan Cieciuch, Włodzimierz Strus, Joost Hutsebaut, Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0: Validity and reliability of the Polish adaptation, Psychiatria Polska (270), 2022. (Journal Article)
Objectives: This study examined psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of the Level of Personality Functioning Scale–Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS–BF 2.0) measuring features corresponding to self- and interpersonal impairment of personality functioning as defined in the diagnostic guidelines for Personality Disorder in the DSM-5 Section III.
Methods: The study involved a non-clinical sample of N = 242 adults (52.9% female; Mage = 30.63 years, SDage = 11.81 years). To evaluate the criterion validity, the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD), Agency-Communion-Inventory (AC-IN), and Mental Health Continuum–Short Form (MHC-SF) were administered.
Results: The LPFS-BF 2.0 yielded two reliable latent components that correspond to an interpretation of self- and interpersonal functioning and showed relevant associations with a personality disorder severity index, maladaptive personality traits, well-being, and personality constructs of agency and communion. The LPFS–BF 2.0 also demonstrated incremental validity over and above all the PID-5 pathological traits with respect to global well-being as an outcome.
Conclusions: The Polish adaptation of the LPFS–BF 2.0 is a psychometrically and conceptually sound measure to assess features corresponding to self and interpersonal impairment of personality functioning as defined in the DSM-5 Section III. However, findings warrant replication in clinical populations. |
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Andrea Giuffredi-Kähr, Alisa Petrova, Lucia Malär, Sponsorship disclosure of influencers - a curse or a blessing?, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 57 (1), 2022. (Journal Article)
Influencer marketing has become increasingly important in the field of marketing communication as an effective way to reach the appropriate target group. Using their own social media channels, influencers often give the impression that they have a personal rather than a commercial relationship with the brand and the products they promote. Therefore, when influencers post sponsored content, consumers often experience difficulty making accurate distinctions as to whether the influencer is offering a personal recommendation or doing a promotion. Given this issue, we examine to what extent sponsored posts of different influencer types affect consumers’ evaluations of the sponsoring brand and the influencer as well as what role the sponsorship disclosure plays therein. Across four experimental studies, we demonstrate that sponsored posts of mega influencers increase consumers’ persuasion knowledge relative to the posts of nano influencers, which decreases the trustworthiness of those posts and in turn negatively impact both brand and influencer evaluations. Interestingly, our results reveal that this indirect effect is only present when the sponsorship is not disclosed. Thus, more transparency by disclosing such sponsorship can eliminate the negative impacts of persuasion knowledge on the trustworthiness of posts and subsequent evaluations of the brand and the influencer. These findings have important implications for marketing practice and research. |
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Julia Wamsler, Martin Natter, René Algesheimer, Transitioning to dynamic prices: Should pricing authority remain with the company or be delegated to the service employees instead?, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 139, 2022. (Journal Article)
Dynamic pricing is typically implemented via pricing algorithms that react to varying levels of supply and demand. Some companies, such as Uber, also vary prices for different offers, such as standard cars or limousines for a ride. However, companies usually do not proceed to the next logical step and delegate pricing authority to their employees. This is astonishing as service employees often vary in service quality, possess unique business knowledge, hold close relationships with customers, and influence the overall customer experience. The authors investigate the consequences of delegating pricing authority to employees. They also investigate the responses of customers who face a situation where their firm transitions from fixed to dynamic prices set by the firm (control group) or service employees (treatment group). The findings demonstrate that the actual dynamic price paid affects customers’ distributive fairness perceptions, which influence their behavioral responses. The authors find support for pricing authority (firm vs. employee) acting as a second-stage moderator. The results provide supporting evidence for the stylized fact that firms keep the pricing authority with the company and do not delegate it to service employees instead. |
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Petra Tipaldi, Pricing and the relationship between consumer and firm, University of Zurich, Faculty of Business, Economics and Informatics, 2022. (Dissertation)
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Yucheng Ye, Shuqi Xu, Manuel Mariani, Linyuan Lu, Forecasting countries' gross domestic product from patent data, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Vol. 160, 2022. (Journal Article)
Recent strides in economic complexity have shown that the future economic development of nations can be predicted with a single “economic fitness” variable, which captures countries' competitiveness in international trade. The predictions by this low-dimensional approach could match or even outperform predictions based on much more sophisticated methods, such as those by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). However, all prior works in economic complexity aimed to quantify countries' fitness from World Trade export data, without considering the possibility to infer countries' potential for growth from alternative sources of data. Here, motivated by the long-standing relationship between technological development and economic growth, we aim to forecast countries' growth from patent data. Specifically, we construct a citation network between countries from the European Patent Office (EPO) dataset. Initial results suggest that the H-index centrality in this network is a potential candidate to gauge national economic performance. To validate this conjecture, we construct a two-dimensional plane defined by the H-index and GDP per capita, and use a forecasting method based on dynamical systems to test the predicting accuracy of the H-index. We find that the predictions based on the H-index-GDP plane outperform the predictions by IMF by approximately 35%, and they marginally outperform those by the economic fitness extracted from trade data. Our results could inspire further attempts to identify predictors of national growth from different sources of data related to scientific and technological innovation. |
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Peter Schmidt, Galit Gordoni, Icek Ajzen, Christoph Beuthner, Eldad Davidov, Henning Silber, Holger Steinmetz, Bernd Weiß, Twitter Users’ Privacy Behavior: A Reasoned Action Approach, Social Media + Society, Vol. 8 (3), 2022. (Journal Article)
Social networking sites have become a predominant means of communication across the globe. Activities on these sites generate massive amounts of personal information and raise concerns about its potential abuse. Means designed to protect the user’s privacy and prevent exploitation of confidential data often go unused. In this study, we draw on the theory of planned behavior, a reasoned action approach, to explain intentions to adopt privacy behaviors on social networking sites, with a focus on Twitter users. Consistent with the theory, an online survey of Twitter users (n = 1,060) found that instrumental and experiential attitudes and descriptive and injunctive subjective norms regarding these behaviors were direct predictors of intentions. Perceived behavioral control had a moderating effect, such that subjective norm was a better predictor of intentions for participants high as opposed to low in perceived control. We briefly discuss the implications of these results for developing theory-driven and evidence-based interventions to promote privacy behavior. |
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Anna Lipska, Radosław Rogoza, Ewelina Dębska, Klaudia Ponikiewska, Samuel Putnam, Jan Cieciuch, The structure of child temperament as measured by the Polish versions of the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire and the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire: insight from the network psychometrics approach, Current Issues in Personality Psychology, Vol. 10 (4), 2022. (Journal Article)
Introduction:
The model proposed by Rothbart is one of the most frequently used models to describe children’s temperament. However, the structure of temperamental traits in children is not unambiguous. We examine this structure in children from 3 to 10 years of age using two different measures in a less often studied cultural context (i.e., central Europe), and using a recently developed and still less common approach to study the internal structure of scales (i.e., network psychometrics).
Material and methods:
This paper examines the structure of temperamental dimensions in children using two different measures – the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ) and the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ) – in two studies conducted on children aged 4-7 years (N = 178; CBQ) and aged 7-10 years (N = 189; TMCQ). We verified the structural validity of these measures with a bootstrapped exploratory graph analysis, which represents the network psychometric approach.
Results:
Network psychometric analysis supported differentiation of three factors of temperamental traits in both groups of children. In addition, the construct validity of these instruments was supported through correlations of the temperament factors measured by the CBQ and the TMCQ with Emotionality, Activity, Sociability, and Shyness scales measured with the EAS Temperament Survey; and through confirmation of expected gender differences in the CBQ and TMCQ factors.
Conclusions:
Our findings support a three-factor solution of temperamental traits in children representing Negative Affectivity, Effortful Control, and Surgency. |
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Patryk Łakuta, Jan Cieciuch, Włodzimierz Strus, Leslie C Morey, Psychometric Evaluation of the Polish adaptation of a Self-Report Form of the DSM-5 Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS-SR), Psychiatria Polska (263), 2022. (Journal Article)
Objectives:
This study examined psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of a Self-Report Form of the DSM-5 Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS-SR). It is a scale designed to measure general impairment, jointly with a detailed assessment of distinguished components of personality functioning characterized in terms of disturbances in self (identity and self-direction) and interpersonal (empathy and intimacy) functioning – Criterion A in the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD).
Methods:
The study involved a non-clinical sample of N = 242 adults (52.9% female; Mage = 30.63 years, SDage = 11.81 years). To provide an evaluation of the criterion validity, Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD), Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0), and Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) were administered.
Results:
Our data supported that identity, self-direction, intimacy, and empathy components of the LPFS-SR can be characterized by a single, global dimension of personality dysfunction, consistent with the assumption that DSM-5 Criterion A is a relatively homogeneous construct. The LPFS-SR showed good reliability estimates and demonstrated conceptually sound associations with the PD severity index and related measures of personality functioning. Moreover, all the LPFS-SR components manifested at least partial distinction from maladaptive personality traits (i.e., Criterion B in the DSM-5 AMPD).
Conclusions:
These findings provide support for the validity of the Polish adaptation of the LPFS-SR as an operationalization of impairment in the core and common features of personality pathology described in the DSM-5 alternative model. |
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Cindy Michelle Candrian, Competing in the age of AI: Understanding and leveraging the human factor, University of Zurich, Faculty of Business, Economics and Informatics, 2022. (Dissertation)
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Andrea Bublitz, The miscalibration of online news knowledge: Why consumers feel better informed than they objectively are, University of Zurich, Faculty of Business, Economics and Informatics, 2022. (Dissertation)
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Włodzimierz Strus, Klaudia Ponikiewska, Jan Cieciuch, Reactivity and Activity as dimensions capturing both energetic and temporal aspects of behavior: Towards a reconceptualization of Jan Strelau’s basic temperament dimensions based on the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 188 (April), 2022. (Journal Article)
The paper presents a new model of temperament structure that: (1) is built on the crucial assumptions of the Regulative Theory of Temperament, (2) incorporates the so called temperamental Big Two, (3) and uses the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits to precisely conceptualize the basic temperamental dimensions of Reactivity and Activity. As a result, the new model balancedly differentiates between energetic and temporal aspects of temperamental characteristics both at the conceptual and measurement level. In order to empirically verify the model, a new questionnaire measuring all assumed variables was developed and used together with a set of 10 well-established measures of temperament (including Formal Characteristic of Behavior – Temperament Inventory – Revised) in a sample of 412 participants (55.5% females; Mage = 28.49, SDage = 11.64). The obtained results support the validity of the new temperament measure, synthesizing potential of the new model, as well as the claim that Reactivity and Activity (in our conceptualization and operationalization) can indeed be treated as fundamental dimensions of temperament, as they turned out to be highly correlated (≈ .80) with two factors extracted from all other temperamental measures used in the study. Theoretical implications and possibilities of the new model are discussed. |
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Radosław Rogoza, Jan Cieciuch, Włodzimierz Strus, Vulnerable Isolation and Enmity Concept: Disentangling the blue and dark face of vulnerable narcissism, Journal of Research in Personality, Vol. 96 (February), 2022. (Journal Article)
A theoretical model of the vulnerable half of the Narcissism Spectrum Model (NSM) – the Vulnerable Isolation and Enmity Concept (VIEC) is presented in this paper. In five studies (total N = 2,383), we show the personality underpinnings of the VIEC in terms of normal and pathological personality and explore the social relations of liking others and being liked. Isolation explains the role of avoidance and social withdrawal, whereas Enmity explains the role of reactive antagonism in vulnerable narcissism. We suggest that vulnerable narcissism is related to internalizing and grandiose narcissism to externalizing pathology. Through the prism of the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits, we argue that the VIEC together with the Narcissistic Admiration and Rivalry Concept (NARC) covers the whole NSM. |
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Mengtian Cui, Manuel Mariani, Matúš Medo, Algorithmic bias amplification via temporal effects: The case of PageRank in evolving networks, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, Vol. 104, 2022. (Journal Article)
Biases impair the effectiveness of algorithms. For example, the age bias of the widely-used PageRank algorithm impairs its ability to effectively rank nodes in growing networks. PageRank’s temporal bias cannot be fully explained by existing analytic results that predict a linear relation between the expected PageRank score and the indegree of a given node. We show that in evolving networks, under a mean-field approximation, the expected PageRank score of a node can be expressed as the product of the node’s indegree and a previously-neglected age factor which can “amplify” the indegree’s age bias. We use two well-known empirical networks to show that our analytic results explain the observed PageRank’s age bias and, when there is an age bias amplification, they enable estimates of the node PageRank score that are more accurate than estimates based solely on local structural information. Accuracy gains are larger in degree-degree correlated networks, as revealed by a growing directed network model with tunable assortativity. Our approach can be used to analytically study other kinds of ranking bias. |
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Alex Mari, René Algesheimer, AI-based voice assistants for digital marketing: preparing for voice marketing and commerce, In: Contemporary issues in Digital Marketing, Routledge, London, p. Kapitel 7, 2022. (Book Chapter)
Artificial intelligence-based voice assistants (VAs) may alter the decision-making process throughout the entire consumer journey. With the distinction between humans and machines becoming increasingly blurred, VAs introduce biases and heuristics in consumer behaviour with consequences for digital marketing and e-commerce practices. The authors explain ‘why’ and ‘how’ marketing managers need to explore the challenges and opportunities posed by voice technologies and prepare to employ a combination of marketing and commerce initiatives. This chapter defines voice marketing and voice commerce practices through relevant cases while collocating voice-based activities within the broader communication mix strategy. Furthermore, a conceptual framework shed light on the disruptive impact of AI-based VAs across product categories. |
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Jan Cieciuch, Włodzimierz Strus, Toward a model of personality competencies underlying social and emotional skills: Insight from the circumplex of personality metatraits, Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 12 (711323), 2021. (Journal Article)
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in social and emotional skills (SES) both in the scientific literature and in social practice. The paper presents an overview of the ways of understanding what SES are and the catalogs thereof. There are some attempts in the literature to organize these catalogs within the Big Five traits that for a long time was claimed to be the most sound model of basic orthogonal dimensions of personality. However, further research on personality structure revealed that two metatraits can be found above the Big Five traits. These two metatraits form the basis of the Two Factor Model of personality, which was later developed into the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits. It turned out that in certain aspects models based on metatraits have a greater theoretical potential than those based on the Big Five traits. The paper presents a proposal for describing SES from the perspective of the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits rather than the Big Five. In this framework, we distinguish the concept of personality competences that underlie and organize many specific SES and identify the core personality competencies on the basis of the Circumplex of Personality Metatraits model. |
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Hui Liu, Naiding Yang, Zhao Yang, Yanlu Zhang, Ruimeng Li, Using combined network-based approaches to analyze risk interactions in R&D alliance, Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 72 (11), 2021. (Journal Article)
Previous researches on risks in R&D alliance have treated risks independently. They mainly focus on risk identification and the impact of risk on the objectives of alliance. However, most risks are not isolated but interdependent in reality. To address this gap, a combined method that integrates fuzzy DEMATEL and social network analysis is presented to assess and analyze risk interactions in R&D alliance. A case study of a real R&D alliance is conducted to identify key risks and their interactions, together with the corresponding mitigation actions. By unveiling risks and their interactions, this method assists professionals to make better decisions regarding risk mitigation, and further helps them to achieve higher performances in R&D alliance risk management. |
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Jingjing Wang, Shuqi Xu, Manuel Mariani, Linyuan Lü, The local structure of citation networks uncovers expert-selected milestone papers, Journal of Informetrics, Vol. 15 (4), 2021. (Journal Article)
Recent works aimed to understand how to identify “milestone” scientific papers of great significance from largescale
citation networks. To this end, previous results found that global ranking metrics that take into account the whole
network structure (such as Google’s PageRank) outperform local metrics such as the citation count. Here, we show that
by leveraging the recursive equation that defines the PageRank algorithm, we can propose a family of local versions
of PageRank with finite iterations. Our results reveal that these PageRank-based local metrics outperform the citation
count and other local metrics in identifying the seminal papers, and compared with global metrics, these local metrics
can reach similar performance in the identification of seminal papers with less time overhead and no requirement for
the whole network topology. Our findings could help to better understand the nature of groundbreaking research from
citation network analysis and find practical applications in large-scale data. |
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