Tobias Schlegel, Uschi Backes-Gellner, The role of fields of study for the effects of higher education institutions on regional firm location, Small Business Economics, Vol. 61 (4), 2023. (Journal Article)
The literature on knowledge spillovers provides evidence that higher education institutions (HEIs) positively affect regional firm location (i.e., start-ups or firms located in a region). However, less is known about how HEIs in different fields of study impact regional firm location in different industries. To investigate this question, we exploit the establishment of universities of applied sciences (UASs)—bachelor’s degree-granting three-year HEIs in Switzerland. We find that the effects of UASs are heterogeneous across fields of study and industries. UASs specializing in “chemistry and the life sciences” and “business, management, and services” are the only UASs that positively affect regional firm location across several industries. Positive effects emerge in service industries characterized by radical service, incremental product, or process innovations. Thus, UASs are not a one-size-fits-all solution for increasing regional firm location. Instead, only UASs specializing in particular fields of study positively influence firm location in certain industries. |
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Pascal Flurin Meier, Raphael Flepp, Egon Franck, Replication: Do coaches stick with what barely worked? Evidence of outcome bias in sports, Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 99, 2023. (Journal Article)
We replicate the finding of Lefgren et al. (2015) showing that professional basketball coaches in the NBA discontinuously change their starting lineup more often after narrow losses than after narrow wins. This result is consistent with outcome bias because such narrow outcomes are conditionally uninformative. As our paper shows, this pattern is not restricted to the NBA; we also find evidence of outcome bias in the top women’s professional basketball league and college basketball. Finally, we show that outcome bias in coaching decisions generalizes to the National Football League (NFL). We conclude that outcome bias is credible and robust, although it has weakened over time in some instances. |
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Maya Tamir, Atsuki Ito, Yuri Miyamoto, Yulia Chentsova-Dutton, Jeong Ha Choi, Jan Cieciuch, Michaela Riediger, Antje Rauers, Maria Padun, Min Young Kim, Nevin Solak, Jiang Qiu, Xiaoqin Wang, Aldo Alvarez-Risco, Yaniv Hanoch, Yukiko Uchida, Claudio Torres, Thiago Gomes Nascimento, Asghar Afshar Jahanshahi, Rakesh Singh, Shanmukh V Kamble, Sieun An, Vivian Dzokoto, Adote Anum, Babita Singh, Gianluca Castelnuovo, Giada Pietrabissa, María Isabel Huerta-Carvajal, Erika Galindo-Bello, Verónica Janneth García Ibarra, Emotion regulation strategies and psychological health across cultures, American Psychologist, 2023. (Journal Article)
Emotion regulation is important for psychological health and can be achieved by implementing various strategies. How one regulates emotions is critical for maximizing psychological health. Few studies, however, tested the psychological correlates of different emotion regulation strategies across multiple cultures. In a preregistered cross-cultural study (N = 3,960, 19 countries), conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, we assessed associations between the use of seven emotion regulation strategies (situation selection, distraction, rumination, cognitive reappraisal, acceptance, expressive suppression, and emotional support seeking) and four indices of psychological health (life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and loneliness). Model comparisons based on Bayesian information criteria provided support for cultural differences in 36% of associations, with very strong support for differences in 18% of associations. Strategies that were linked to worse psychological health in individualist countries (e.g., rumination, expressive suppression) were unrelated or linked to better psychological health in collectivist countries. Cultural differences in associations with psychological health were most prominent for expressive suppression and rumination and also found for distraction and acceptance. In addition, we found evidence for cultural similarities in 46% of associations between strategies and psychological health, but none of this evidence was very strong. Cultural similarities were most prominent in associations of psychological health with emotional support seeking. These findings highlight the importance of considering the cultural context to understand how individuals from diverse backgrounds manage unpleasant emotions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) |
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Dieter Pfaff, Patricia Dorothee Ruffing-Straube, David Staubli, Aufdeckung von Steuerhinterziehung in der Schweiz durch den automatischen Informationsaustausch, Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik, Vol. 24 (3), 2023. (Journal Article)
Die Hinterziehung von Steuern soll durch den international eingeführten automatischen Informationsaustausch (AIA) aufgedeckt und eingedämmt werden. Zudem besteht in der Schweiz seit 2010 die straflose Selbstanzeige. Im Zusammenhang mit der internationalen Einführung des AIA ist ein deutlicher Anstieg der straflosen Selbstanzeigen zu beobachten. Dabei werden erhebliche kantonale Unterschiede sichtbar. So ist die Anzahl strafloser Selbstanzeigen pro zehntausend Steuerpflichtige in Kantonen mit hohen Vermögensteuern, getrieben durch die bevölkerungsstarken Genferseekantone, nach der Einführung des AIA tendenziell höher. Da das Selbstanzeigeverhalten im Zuge des AIA vorwiegend ausländisches Vermögen und Einkommen betrifft, könnte auch der Anteil der zugewanderten Wohnbevölkerung eine Rolle spielen. |
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Stijn Decoster, Leander de Schutter, Jochen Menges, David De Cremer, Jeroen Stouten, Does change incite abusive supervision? The role of transformational change and hindrance stress, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 33 (4), 2023. (Journal Article)
To remain competitive, organizations tend to change their established ways of working, their strategy, the core values, and the organizational structure. Such thorough changes are referred to as transformational change. Unfortunately, transformational change is often unsuccessful because organizational members do not always welcome the change. Although organizations often expect their supervisors to be successful role-models and change-agents during the transformational change process, we argue that initiating transformational change could increase supervisors' hindrance stress levels, which may result in abusive behaviors towards employees. More specifically, in a multi-source survey and an experimental study, we find evidence that transformational change is associated with supervisors' experienced hindrance stress, which subsequently led to more abusive behaviors towards employees. |
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Violetta Splitter, Paula Jarzabkowski, David Seidl, Middle Managers’ Struggle Over Their Subject Position in Open Strategy Processes, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 60 (7), 2023. (Journal Article)
In this paper we examine middle managers’ struggle over their subject position as strategists in the context of participative strategy processes. Based on a longitudinal case study of a company undertaking an Open Strategy process, we show how the wider inclusion of front-line employees in developing new strategy undermines the traditional subject position of middle managers. Based on these findings, we develop a process model depicting the recursive dynamics of middle managers’ struggles to maintain their subject positions in the face of employee participation. With these findings we contribute to the literature on middle managers by advancing our understanding of the implications of employee participation for middle managers’ subject position as strategists and their different ways of reclaiming their subject position. We also contribute to the literature on Open Strategy by revealing the implications for traditional strategy actors as well as by explaining the processual dynamics of participation over time. |
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Chiara Zisler, Damiano Pregaldini, Uschi Backes-Gellner, Opening doors for immigrants: The role of occupational skills and workplace-based cultural skills for a successful labor market entry, In: Swiss VET Conference. 2023. (Conference Presentation)
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Dietmar Harhoff, Patrick Lehnert, Curdin Pfister, Uschi Backes-Gellner, Innovation effects and knowledge complementarities in a diverse research landscape, In: Swiss VET Conference. 2023. (Conference Presentation)
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Patricia Pálffy, Patrick Lehnert, Uschi Backes-Gellner, Männer orientieren sich bei der Berufswahl stärker an Geschlechternormen, Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Angewandte Berufsbildungsforschung SGAB, SGAB Website, https://transfer.vet/maenner-orientieren-sich-bei-der-berufswahl-staerker-an-geschlechternormen/, 2023-10-14. (Scientific Publication In Electronic Form)
Männliche Jugendliche in Regionen mit traditionelleren Geschlechternormen (die sich über Abstimmungsergebnisse feststellen lassen) bewerben sich eher für typische Männerberufe und weniger für typische Frauenberufe. Bei weiblichen Jugendlichen ist dieser Zusammenhang nicht gegeben. Das zeigen die Ergebnisse einer Studie des Swiss Leading House VPET-ECON; diese bleiben robust, wenn die regionale Arbeitsmarktsituation der Individuen und andere denkbare Einflüsse berücksichtigt werden. Die Studie steht im Einklang mit anderen Untersuchungen, die zeigen, dass sich Männer heutzutage im Durchschnitt stärker an Geschlechternormen orientieren als Frauen. Das könnte ein Hinweis auf den Erfolg langjähriger Massnahmen sein, die darauf abzielen, das Interesse von Mädchen an MINT-Berufen und das Bewusstsein für Geschlechterstereotypen zu erhöhen. Für Jungen fehlen ähnliche Massnahmen bisher weitgehend. |
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Thomas Fritz, Alexander Lill, André Meyer, Gail C Murphy, Lauren Howe, Cultivating a Team Mindset about Productivity with a Nudge: A Field Study in Hybrid Development Teams, In: 26th ACM Conference On Computer-Supported Cooperative Work And Social Computing, ACM Digital library, 2023-10-14. (Conference or Workshop Paper published in Proceedings)
While there has been significant study of both individuals and teams of knowledge workers, research has focused largely on one or the other, with less focus on the interaction between the two. In this paper, we explore the tensions between the individual and their team, focusing on the choices an individual makes towards their own productivity versus their team's productivity. We developed a technology probe with a team nudge that fosters recurring reflection and prompts individuals to consider how their team helps them to be productive. We examined its impact through a longitudinal field study with 48 participants. We chose to undertake this study with software development teams as they are examples of knowledge workers who collaborate on a shared set of tasks with specific goals. Our exploration took place with hybrid development teams, which have increasingly become the norm. Our analysis of a total of 8338 hourly self-reports and 1389 daily diary entries found that the team nudge increased participants' productivity ratings and team awareness, led to participants spending more time on their own tasks, reshaped their perceptions of themselves and their team, yet, in general, did not increase team cohesion or affect well-being. |
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Małgorzata Machowicz, Jan Cieciuch, Wymiary temperamentu i przywiązania jako predyktory nieprawidłowości funkcjonowania osobowości według DSM-5, Psychiatria Polska (328), 2023. (Journal Article)
Aim. The study aimed to assess the role of temperament and attachment dimensions for personality pathology defined as impairments in self– and interpersonal functioning according to Criterion A of Section III of the DSM-5.
Method. The study was conducted in Poland with a group of 391 participants. The following measurement instruments were used: The Level of Personality Functioning Scale – Brief Form 2.0 (LPFS-BF 2.0), the Temperament Metadimensions Questionnaire (TMQ), the Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ), and the Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised (ECR-R).
Results. The joint estimation of temperament and attachment role in explaining impairments of personality functioning led to the following conclusions: (1) temperament explained impairments of self-functioning to a greater extent than impairments of interpersonal functioning; (2) temperamental “Reactivity” was more of a predictor of personality pathology than “Activity”; (3) adding attachment increased the magnitude of the explained variance of personality pathology; (4) attachment “Avoidance” explained impairments in interpersonal functioning to a greater extent, while attachment “Anxiety” explained impairments in selffunctioning to a greater extent. Conclusions. The impairments in personality functioning included in DSM-5 Criterion A are largely explained by two sets of variables: the more enduring and innate temperament and the attachment acquired through early interactions. Such a distinction is important from a clinical perspective, in which effective interactions can target those properties that can be modified and take into account those that are difficult or impossible to modify. |
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Reto Eberle, Swiss Audit Monitor 2023: Analyse des Revisionsmarkts der kotierten Unternehmen in der Schweiz, Expert Focus, Vol. 2023 (Oktober), 2023. (Journal Article)
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Cornel Nesseler, Carlos Gomez Gonzalez, Petr Parshakov, Helmut Max Dietl, Examining discrimination against Jews in Italy with three natural field experiments, Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, Vol. 106, 2023. (Journal Article)
We use three natural field experiments to examine anti-Semitism in Italy by sending email inquiries to amateur football clubs, landlords, and employers and comparing the response rates to emails sent with Jewish- and non-Jewish-sounding names. Italy is an interesting country as discrimination was heterogeneous and geographically unevenly distributed during World War II. We analyze if today's anti-Semitism in Italy is geographically correlated to the deportations and killings of Jews during the Holocaust. The results show significant discrimination when looking for football club and an apartment, but not when seeking a job. We find markedly different results for women. Comparing areas with different societal and economic implications provides us with a more informed perspective about the extent of discrimination. |
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Patricia Pálffy, Patrick Lehnert, Uschi Backes-Gellner, Social norms and gendered occupational choices of men and women: Time to turn the tide?, Industrial Relations, Vol. 62 (4), 2023. (Journal Article)
We analyze the relationship between social gender norms and adolescents' occupational choices by combining regional votes on constitutional amendments on gender equality with job application data from a large job board for apprenticeships. The results show that adolescent males in regions with stronger traditional social gender norms are more likely to apply for typically male occupations. This finding does not hold for females, suggesting that incentivizing men to break the norms and choose gender-atypical occupations (e.g., in healthcare) can be even more effective in accelerating advancement toward gender equality in the labor market than incentivizing women to choose STEM occupations. |
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Nadine Kammerlander, Jochen Menges, Dennis Herhausen, Petra Kipfelsberger, Heike Bruch, How family CEOs affect employees’ feelings and behaviors: A study on positive emotions, Long Range Planning, Vol. 56 (5), 2023. (Journal Article)
Research suggests that firms with family CEOs differ from other types of businesses, yet surprisingly little is known about how employees in these firms feel and behave compared to those working in other firms. We draw from family science and management research to suggest that family CEOs, because of their emotion-evoking double role as family members and business leaders, are, on average, more likely to infuse employees with positive emotions, such as enthusiasm and excitement, than hired professional CEOs. We suggest that these emotions spread through firms by way of emotional contagion during interactions with employees, thereby setting the organizational affective tone. In turn, we hypothesize that in firms with family CEOs the voluntary turnover rate is lower. In considering structural features as boundary conditions, we propose that family CEOs have stronger effects in smaller and centralized firms, and weaker effects in formalized firms. Multilevel data from 41,200 employees and 2,246 direct reports of CEOs from 497 firms with and without family CEOs provide support for our model. This research suggests that firms managed by family CEOs, despite often being criticized as nepotistic relics of the past, tend to offer pleasant work environments. |
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Reto Eberle, Kurt Speck, «Am Beginn der Lernkurve»: Der Professor an der Universität Zürich und Partner bei KPMG zu den Herausforderungen der Branche, In: Handelszeitung, p. 51, 28 September 2023. (Newspaper Article)
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Xingzhen Zhu, Markus Lang, Helmut Max Dietl, Content Quality Assurance on Media Platforms with User-Generated Content, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, Vol. 18 (3), 2023. (Journal Article)
This paper develops a duopoly model for user-generated content (UGC) platforms, which compete for consumers and content producers in two-sided markets characterized by network externalities. Each platform has the option to invest in a content quality assurance (CQA) system and determine the level of advertising. Our model reveals that network effects are pivotal in shaping the platforms’ optimal strategies and user behavior, specifically in terms of single vs. multi-homing. We find that when network effects for producers are weak, consumers tend to engage in multi-homing while producers prefer single-homing. Conversely, strong network effects lead to the opposite behavior. Furthermore, our model demonstrates that user behavior and network effects dictate whether a platform is incentivized to incorporate advertisements and/or invest in CQA. Generally, weak network effects prompt a platform to invest in a CQA system, unless both consumers and producers engage in multi-homing. Our model’s results highlight the importance for platform companies to evaluate the extent of network effects on their platform in order to anticipate user behavior, which subsequently informs the optimal CQA and advertising strategy. |
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Dietmar Harhoff, Patrick Lehnert, Curdin Pfister, Uschi Backes-Gellner, Innovation effects and knowledge complementarities in a diverse research landscape, In: International Conference on Technical and Vocational Education and Training. 2023. (Conference Presentation)
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Raluca Ioana Gui, Markus Meierer, Patrik Schilter, René Algesheimer, REndo: Internal Instrumental Variables to Address Endogeneity, Journal of Statistical Software, Vol. 107 (3), 2023. (Journal Article)
Endogeneity is a common problem in any causal analysis. It arises when the independence assumption between an explanatory variable and the error in a statistical model is violated. The causes of endogeneity are manifold and include response bias in surveys, omission of important explanatory variables, or simultaneity between explanatory and response variables. Instrumental variable estimation provides a possible solution. However, valid and strong external instruments are difficult to find. Consequently, internal instrumental variable approaches have been proposed to correct for endogeneity without relying on external instruments. The R package REndo implements various internal instrumental variable approaches, i.e., latent instrumental variables estimation (Ebbes, Wedel, Boeckenholt, and Steerneman 2005), higher moments estimation (Lewbel 1997), heteroscedastic error estimation (Lewbel 2012), joint estimation using copula (Park and Gupta 2012) and multilevel generalized method of moments estimation (Kim and Frees 2007). Package usage is illustrated on simulated and real-world data. |
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Laura Hofmann, A Single-Case Study on CEO Activism and its Evaluation by News Media Around the World, University of Zurich, Faculty of Business, Economics and Informatics, 2023. (Master's Thesis)
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