Astrid Dörner, Claudia Obmann, Carmen Tanner, Immer sauber bleiben, In: Handelsblatt, 17 November 2017. (Media Coverage)
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Priska Feichter, Carmen Tanner, Big Data und Gamification, In: Oec. Magazin der Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der UZH und deren Alumni, 1 November 2017. (Media Coverage)
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Carmen Tanner, Werte und Führung: Werte leben und Werte schaffen, Wirtschaftspsychologie, Vol. 1, 2017. (Journal Article)
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Christian Ineichen, Markus Christen, Carmen Tanner, Measuring value sensitivity in medicine, BMC Medical Ethics, Vol. 18 (5), 2017. (Journal Article)
Background: Value sensitivity – the ability to recognize value-related issues when they arise in practice – is an indispensable competence for medical practitioners to enter decision-making processes related to ethical questions. However, the psychological competence of value sensitivity is seldom an explicit subject in the training of medical professionals. In this contribution, we outline the traditional concept of moral sensitivity in medicine and its revised form conceptualized as value sensitivity and we propose an instrument that measures value sensitivity.
Methods: We developed an instrument for assessing the sensitivity for three value groups (moral-related values, values related to the principles of biomedical ethics, strategy-related values) in a four step procedure: 1) value identification (n = 317); 2) value representation (n = 317); 3) vignette construction and quality evaluation (n = 37); and 4) instrument validation by comparing nursing professionals with hospital managers (n = 48).
Results: We find that nursing professionals recognize and ascribe importance to principle-related issues more than professionals from hospital management. The latter are more likely to recognize and ascribe importance to strategy-related issues.
Conclusions: These hypothesis-driven results demonstrate the discriminatory power of our newly developed instrument, which makes it useful not only for health care professionals in practice but for students and people working in the clinical context as well. |
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Madeleine Stäubli-Roduner, Carmen Tanner, An dieser Frage kommt keiner vorbei, In: Schweizer Bank, 18 May 2016. (Media Coverage)
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Markus Christen, Darcia Narvaez, Carmen Tanner, Thomas Ott, Mapping values: using thesauruses to reveal semantic structures of cultural moral differences, Cognitive Systems Research, Vol. 40, 2016. (Journal Article)
Value differences across cultures or social groups are usually framed in terms of different emphases a particular group puts on specific values. For example, Western cultures typically prioritize values like autonomy and freedom, whereas East-Asian cultures put more emphasis on harmony and community. We present an alternative approach for investigating such cultural differences based on thesaurus databases that reflect the use of value terms in everyday language. We present a methodology that integrates empirical value research with linguistics and novel computer visualization tools to map and visualize value spaces. The maps outline variations in the semantic neighborhood of value terms. Based on 460 value terms both for US-English and German, we created for each language a map of 78 value classes that were further validated in two surveys. The use of such maps could inform research in three ways: first, by allowing for a controlled variability in the usage of value terms when generating vignettes; second, by indicating potential difficulties when translating value terms that display considerable differences in their semantic neighborhood; and third, as heuristics for better understanding value plurality. |
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Markus Christen, Christian Ineichen, Carmen Tanner, Zur Nutzung moralpsychologischer Konstrukte und Messverfahren in klinischer Diagnostik und Weiterbildung: "Moralische Intelligenz" in Clinical Practice, Schweizerische Rundschau für Medizin, Vol. 105 (21), 2016. (Journal Article)
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Carmen Tanner, Werte und Führung: Werte leben und Werte schaffen, 2016. (Other Publication)
Moralisches Fehlverhalten in der Wirtschaft scheint allgegenwärtig. Dem liegen - neben strukturellen Merkmalen von Unternehmen und Märkten - auch ganz normale psychologische Prozesse zugrunde: Die Forschung zeigt eine Vielzahl von Mechanismen auf, wie Menschen der "moralische Kompass abhanden" kommen kann. Es bedarf daher neben einer Stärkung von wertebasierten Unternehmenskulturen auch einer Stärkung individueller Kompetenzen und Fähigkeiten, namentlich: "moralische Intelligenz". |
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Markus Christen, Christian Ineichen, Carmen Tanner, "Moralische Intelligenz" in der medizinischen Praxis : Zur Nutzung moralpsychologischer Konstrukte und Messverfahren in klinischer Diagnostik und Weiterbildung, Praxis, Vol. 105 (21), 2016. (Journal Article)
Der klinische Alltag konfrontiert Fachpersonen aus Medizin und Pflege regelmässig mit ethischen Problemen, die gemeinsam mit Patienten und deren Angehörigen angegangen werden müssen. Entsprechend sollte der Umgang mit ethischen Fragen Teil der Aus- und Weiterbildung von Fachpersonen sein, wobei dies meist Deliberation umfasst. Psychologische Kompetenzen werden durch diesen Ansatz meist nur indirekt gefördert. Wir stellen in diesem Beitrag das Konzept der "moralischen Intelligenz" vor, das aktuelle Kenntnisse der Moralpsychologie mit ethischen Gesichtspunkten vereint und Kompetenzen definiert, die Gegenstand von Diagnose und Training sein können. Anhand der moralischen Sensitivität wird skizziert, wie solche Kompetenzen messbar gemacht werden und zur Weiterentwicklung der Aus- und Weiterbildung in Ethik sowie als Instrument zur Entwicklung diagnostischer Verfahren dienen können. |
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Carmen Tanner, Corporate ethical culture in business, 2016. (Other Publication)
The financial crisis and recurring corporate ethics scandals have led to an immense loss of public trust in reputation. They have raised questions about their causes and created a demand for change toward a more social, moral and responsible system that is based on values. There is broad consensus that the emergence of misconduct (i.e. actions that are either illegal or morally unacceptable to the larger community) is rarely just the consequence of single managers and employees (‘bad apples’). The organisational context, in particular the ‘unwritten’ rules, values and strategies, as perceived by the employees and managers, matters as well in inhibiting or cultivating unethical behaviour (‘bad barrel’). However, in order to infer appropriate interventions that may help to implement changes and restore trust, it is essential to assess and monitor the features of the organisational context that are likely to inhibit or foster ethical behaviour. One of our research projects at the Leadership Excellence Institute Zeppelin (Zeppelin University) and the Center for Responsibility in Finance (University of Zurich) is designed to make contributions in this direction. |
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Carmen Tanner, Ethical Business Values: Factors that matter, 2016. (Other Publication)
In her article on "Ethical Business Values: Factors that matter“, Prof Carmen Tanner, vice-director of the Leadership Excellence Institute Zeppelin | LEIZ, gives an introduction to some of her main fields of research, for example the elements of moral intelligence (Tanner and Christen, 2014) and the "Corporate Ethical Culture Scale“ (CECS). |
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Markus Christen, Christian Ineichen, Carmen Tanner, How “moral” are the principles of biomedical ethics? – A cross-domain evaluation of the common morality hypothesis, BMC Medical Ethics, Vol. 15 (47), 2014. (Journal Article)
BACKGROUND: The principles of biomedical ethics - autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice - are of paradigmatic importance for framing ethical problems in medicine and for teaching ethics to medical students and professionals. In order to underline this significance, Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress base the principles in the common morality, i.e. they claim that the principles represent basic moral values shared by all persons committed to morality and are thus grounded in human moral psychology. We empirically investigated the relationship of the principles to other moral and non-moral values that provide orientations in medicine. By way of comparison, we performed a similar analysis for the business & finance domain. METHODS: We evaluated the perceived degree of "morality" of 14 values relevant to medicine (n1 = 317, students and professionals) and 14 values relevant to business & finance (n2 = 247, students and professionals). Ratings were made along four dimensions intended to characterize different aspects of morality. RESULTS: We found that compared to other values, the principles-related values received lower ratings across several dimensions that characterize morality. By interpreting our finding using a clustering and a network analysis approach, we suggest that the principles can be understood as "bridge values" that are connected both to moral and non-moral aspects of ethical dilemmas in medicine. We also found that the social domain (medicine vs. business & finance) influences the degree of perceived morality of values. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are in conflict with the common morality hypothesis of Beauchamp and Childress, which would imply domain-independent high morality ratings of the principles. Our findings support the suggestions by other scholars that the principles of biomedical ethics serve primarily as instruments in deliberated justifications, but lack grounding in a universal "common morality". We propose that the specific manner in which the principles are taught and discussed in medicine - namely by referring to conflicts requiring a balancing of principles - may partly explain why the degree of perceived "morality" of the principles is lower compared to other moral values. |
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Empirically Informed Ethics: Morality between Facts and Norms, Edited by: Markus Christen, Carel P van Schaik, Johannes Fischer, Markus Huppenbauer, Carmen Tanner, Springer, Berlin, 2014. (Edited Scientific Work)
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Johannes Fischer, What kind of ethics? - how understanding the field affects the role of empirical research on morality for ethics, In: Empirically Informed ethics : Morality between Facts and Norms, Springer, Cham, p. 29 - 43, 2013. (Book Chapter)
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Tanja Krones, The empirical turn in bioethics – from boundary work to a context-sensitive, transdisciplinary field of inquiry, In: Empirically Informed ethics : Morality between Facts and Norms, Springer, Cham, p. 255 - 275, 2013. (Book Chapter)
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Markus Christen, Mark Alfano, Outlining the field – a research program for empirically informed ethics, In: Empirically Informed Ethics, Springer, Cham, p. 3 - 28, 2013. (Book Chapter)
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Gisela Böhm, Carmen Tanner, Environmental risk perception, In: Environmental psychology : an introduction, Wiley-Blackwell, West Sussex, UK, p. 15 - 26, 2012. (Book Chapter)
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Carmen Tanner, Geschützte Werte, Emotionen und moralische Entscheidungen, In: Moral und Angst : Erkenntnisse aus Moralpsychologie und politischer Theologie, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen, p. 117 - 130, 2011. (Book Chapter)
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Carmen Tanner, Bettina Ryf, Wertekonflikte sind nicht immer tragisch: Anerkennung von Tabu-Zonen vereinfacht Konfliktlösung, Perspektive Mediation, Vol. 7 (1), 2010. (Journal Article)
Konflikte erzeugen Reibung, erhitzen die Gemüter und bringen Emotionen zum Überkochen. Doch nicht alle Konfliktinhalte lösen Emotionen in gleichem Ausmaß aus. Wertkonflikte werden als besonders schwierige und heikle Herausforderung erlebt. In diesem Beitrag wird eine besondere Art von Werten mit ihren Folgen für die Lösungsfindung betrachtet. Die Rede ist von "Geschützten Werten", welche als unersetzbar und nicht verhandelbar gelten. Diesbezüglich wird über die gängige Einteilung in Interessen- und Wertkonflikte hinausgegangen und zusätzlich zwischen verschiedenen Typen von Wertkonflikten unterschieden. Diese Präzisierung kann bei der Konfliktanalyse und Lösungsfindung eine nützliche Hilfestellung sein. |
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Carmen Tanner, Alexander Brugger, Susan van Schie, Carmen Lebherz, Actions Speak Louder Than Words, Zeitschrift für Psychologie, Vol. 218 (4), 2010. (Journal Article)
Ethical scandals in business have led to calls for more ethical or moral leadership. Yet, we still know very little about what characterizes ethical leadership and what its positive consequences actually are. We argue that the major question is not about what leaders value, but rather whether their ethical values are regularly reflected in behavioral patterns across situations and situational challenges. To address this, we have begun to build the Ethical Leadership Behavior Scale, which is based on behaviors reflecting concrete manifestations of ethical values (e.g., fairness, respect) across occasions and situational barriers. A study with 592 employees of 110 work units in two departments provided a first test of this scale and demonstrated that the level of ethical leadership behavior predicts important work-related attitudes (job satisfaction, work engagement, affective organizational commitment) and outcomes (health complaints, emotional exhaustion, absenteeism). |
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