Contributions in Merlin

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The prevailing patterns of consumption and production are not sustainable because they are based on increasing extraction of non-renewable resources (such as fossil fuels or scarce metals) from the Earth’s crust and overuse of life-sustaining ecosystem services (such as CO2 assimilation or the water cycle). One strategy to direct consumption to a sustainable pathway is the circular economy. The goal of the circular economy is to slow down the flow of material resources through the anthroposphere and to return them back to nature in a form that is as compatible as possible with the ecosystem processes. We focus on the first aspect, which means that each unit of material resource that enters the economic system should satisfy as much human needs as possible until it is considered waste. We ask the question if and how the emerging “sharing economy” can contribute to this specific goal. We see the phenomenon of sharing economy as a transformation of sharing practices with means of digital Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The resulting Digital Sharing Economy (DSE) can therefore be considered an important special case of ICT impact on sustainable development. We open up an argument on how sharing in the DSE can be either supportive or counter-productive with regard to the circular economy goals. We present a first framework that provides a guideline for the qualitative assessment of new sharing practices with regard to their potential contribution to a circular economy.

In the past decade, the proliferation of digital technologies such as social media, internet platforms, algorithms, artificial intelligence and ‘big data’ have gained interest from businesses and academic researchers alike. Practitioners and scholars have revealed far-reaching organizational and managerial implications of these new technologies. At the same time many risks have also been identified including matters such as the loss of individual rights and the difficulty of resisting new forms of organizational control; increasing power imbalances between corporations, employees, and customers; the intensification of organizational surveillance; the opacity and biased nature of machine based processes and decisions; and many unexpected externalities that have yet to be explored. With this call for papers, we draw on and extend the emerging critical debate on the economic, ethical, social, and political implications of digitalization. We encourage scholars to critically explore the dark side and unexpected consequences of digitalization, i.e. issues that have (so far) been overlooked, ignored, or suppressed with regards to the impact of digital technologies on organization and organizing. The aim of this call is to span the boundary between multiple disciplines, to fertilize the discourse amongst critical scholars, and to develop the necessary theoretical and empirical groundwork around the implications of digitalization for organizations and organizing processes.

Blockchain technology provides a distributed ledger and is based on a logic of peer to peer authentication. It gained prominence with the rise of cryptocurrencies but provides a much broader field of possible applications. While it has been originally closely linked to a libertarian agenda rejecting organizations, its developments have illustrated that this ideological framing is being reversed in practice. Based on contrastive empirical cases, the purpose of our paper is to discuss blockchain as an organizational technology. Its peculiar mode of governance, which we name ‘Hanseatic’, needs to mediate between the fluidity typical of Free and Open Source Software development and the immutability that use organizations adopt blockchain for.

Epidemic spreading occurs among animals, humans, or computers and causes substantial societal, personal, or economic losses if left undetected. Based on known temporal contact networks, we propose an outbreak detection method that identifies a small set of nodes such that the likelihood of detecting recent outbreaks is maximal. The two-step procedure involves i) simulating spreading scenarios from all possible seed configurations and ii) greedily selecting nodes for monitoring in order to maximize the detection likelihood. We find that the detection likelihood is a submodular set function for which it has been proven that greedy optimization attains at least 63% of the optimal (intractable) solution. The results show that the proposed method detects more outbreaks than benchmark methods suggested recently and is robust against badly chosen parameters. In addition, our method can be used for out- break source detection. A limitation of this method is its heavy use of computational resources. However, for large graphs the method could be easily parallelized.

The second-hand automotive market is one with the least trust from consumers. Customers on the second-hand car market suffer from such problems as the car being in worse condition than initially indicated, accident damage that is not disclosed, fraud, etc. Akerlof, described the market for used cars as an example of the problem of information asymmetries and resulting quality uncertainty. In order to cope with quality uncertainties, used car buyers actively engage themselves in information seeking. Blockchain technology promises to automatize the tracking of cars through their lifecycles and provide reliable information at any point in time it is needed. In our study, we investigate the problems car buyers face during information seeking and propose requirements for the design of a blockchain-based system to address these.

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We investigate the effects of macroeconomic announcements made in the United States on trading activity of stocks listed in Borsa Istanbul. The influence of these releases on the selected variables are an important source of information for market participants. Results show a clear negative impact on weighted bid, ask and mid-prices in the five-minute period post-release. Available liquidity measured by pending orders in limit order book decreases with the news arrival. These results present implications for market dynamics and signal that liquidity consumption (through market orders) largely dominates liquidity provision (through limit orders) in the five-minute period following the release.

The recent literature on ego depletion and self-control is plagued with failed replications. It has been argued that publication bias might have inflated estimated effect sizes. Doubts go so far that the very existence of the ego-depletion effect has been questioned. We conducted two high-power tests of the ego-depletion effect, with samples in two different countries, including a habituation phase in the depleting task (“e-crossing task”). This addresses recent critiques on failed registered replications, which argued that habituation was essential to obtain depletion effects. We examined the effect on error rates, response times, interference scores for error rates and response times, and response-time variability in a subsequent Stroop task. There were no effects in general, except a significant difference in response-time variability, only in one of the samples, and in the opposite direction as predicted by the ego-depletion effect.

Anleger mit strukturierten Produkten sollten typische Fallen vermeiden, sagt der Finanz- professor und Derivatspezialist Marc Oliver Rieger von der Universität Trier. Dazu gehörten Mode- themen wie die Alterung der Bevölkerung, aber auch komplexe Strukturen - "Manche verstehen selbst wir Experten nicht". Dort versteckten sich gerne auch hohe Gebühren.