Thomas Bocek, Game Theoretical Analysis of Incentives for Large-scale, Fully Decentralized Collaboration Networks, In: 5th International Workshop on Hot Topics in Peer-to-Peer Systems. 2008. (Conference Presentation)
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R Gobbelé, K Lamberty, Klaas Enno Stephan, U Stegelmeyer, H Buchner, J C Marshall, G R Fink, T D Waberski, Temporal activation patterns of lateralized cognitive and task control processes in the human brain, Brain Research, Vol. 1205, 2008. (Journal Article)
In a recent fMRI study with identical word stimuli we demonstrated task-dependent lateralization of brain activity during visual processing, with left-hemispheric activations for letter decisions and right-hemispheric activations for visuospatial decisions (Stephan, K.E.,
Marshall, J.C., Friston, K.J., Rowe, J.B., Ritzl, A., Zilles, K., Fink, G.R., 2003. Lateralized Cognitive
Processes and Lateralized Task Control in the Human Brain. Science 301, 384–386). In order to explore the temporal dynamics of these lateralized processes we here recorded
multichannel event-related potentials (ERPs) using the same stimuli. ERP data were analysed with current source density reconstruction (CDR). Contrasting the ERP results
elicited by the two tasks, source deconvolution showed enhanced activity during letter decisions in Broca's area from 200–250 ms during letter decisions and during visuospatial decisions in the right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) from 175–200 msand 250–275 ms. Prior to
these activations ERP data revealed an initiation of activity within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) from 125–150 ms followed by a late activation of this region from 400–425 ms. Consistent with our previous fMRI study the current electrophysiological data support the
notion that lateralized cognitive processes may depend on task requirements rather than stimulus properties. The current results extend our previous findings as they allow insights into the temporal dynamics of these lateralized processes and their relations to task control processes. The temporal deconvolution of ERPs suggests an early differential involvement of Broca's area in letter-processing and of PPC during visuospatial processing. In addition, activation of ACC prior and after this differential activation is consistent with previous
findings suggesting that this area may be involved in cognitive control. |
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Thomas Bocek, Michael Shann, D Hausheer, Burkhard Stiller, Game theoretical analysis of incentives for large-scale, fully decentralized collaboration networks, In: International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, 2008-04-14. (Conference or Workshop Paper published in Proceedings)
One of the key challenges in peer-to-peer networks is the design of incentives to encourage peers to share their resources. Incentives are necessary in order to exploit the full potential of these systems. The tit-for-tat incentive scheme, as used in BitTorrent for example, has proven to be a successful approach in P2P file sharing systems, where peers have direct relations and share the same kind of resources. However, in P2P systems where different kind of resources are shared between peers with non-direct relations, the design of incentives remains a challenge. In this paper, a large-scale, fully decentralized P2P collaboration network is shown, where peers share not only bandwidth and storage space, but also contribute by editing articles and voting for or against changes. A new incentive scheme is proposed which supports non-direct relations and provides incentives for sharing different kind of resources. The incentive scheme is based on a reputation system that assigns a reputation value to every peer reflecting its previous behavior in the network. Based on this value, the service level is differentiated, i.e. the higher a peer's reputation the better the quality of service it can get from the network. The service differentiation has been analyzed and simulated with rational, irrational and altruistic peers based on game theory concepts. |
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P Ziegler, K R Dittrich, E Hunt, A Call for Personal Semantic Data Integration, In: Workshop on Information Integration Methods, Architectures, and Systems (IIMAS 2008) (in conjunction with ICDE 2008), 2008-04-11. (Conference or Workshop Paper published in Proceedings)
As each of us perceives and conceptualizes the
same world differently, imposing a single global schema for all users can seriously interfere with individual work and lead to errors. In this paper, we make a call for personal semantic data integration, i.e., semantic data integration whose results precisely fit individual needs and references. We classify problems that make a single global schema inappropriate for particular users, and introduce the ASME criteria as prerequisites for personal semantic data integration. We then outline personal semantic
data integration in the SIRUP approach. Our goal is to stimulate research into personally tailored data integration and to develop new solutions which improve the usability of integrated data. |
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D Hausheer, P Antoniadis, K Shiomoto, Burkhard Stiller, J Walrand, 2008 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Bandwidth on Demand, In: Network Operations and Management Symposium Workshops, 2008. NOMS Workshops 2008. IEEE, 2008-04-11. (Conference or Workshop Paper)
The following topics were dealt with: provisioning of bandwidth on demand; resource allocation; multi-domain optical networks; network pricing; bandwidth trading; virtual network topology control; bandwidth reservation network and GMPLS signalling. |
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Thomas Bocek, Fast Similarity Search for Structured P2P Systems, In: 11th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS 2008). 2008. (Conference Presentation)
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Thomas Bocek, Ela Hunt, David Hausheer, Burkhard Stiller, Fast similarity search in peer-to-peer networks, In: NOMS 2008 - 2008 IEEE Network Operations and Management Symposium, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Los Alamitos, 2008-04-07. (Conference or Workshop Paper published in Proceedings)
Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems show numerous advantages over centralized systems, such as load balancing, scalability, and fault tolerance, and they require certain functionality, such as search, repair, and message and data transfer. In particular, structured P2P networks perform an exact search in logarithmic time proportional to the number of peers. However, keyword similarity search in a structured P2P network remains a challenge. Similarity search for service discovery can significantly improve service management in a distributed environment. As services are often described informally in text form, keyword similarity search can find the required services or data items more reliably. This paper presents a fast similarity search algorithm for structured P2P systems. The new algorithm, called P2P fast similarity search (P2PFastSS), finds similar keys in any distributed hash table (DHT) using the edit distance metric, and is independent of the underlying P2P routing algorithm. Performance analysis shows that P2PFastSS carries out a similarity search in time proportional to the logarithm of the number of peers. Simulations on PlanetLab confirm these results and show that a similarity search with 34,000 peers performs in less than three seconds on average. Thus, P2PFastSS is suitable for similarity search in large-scale network infrastructures, such as service description matching in service discovery or searching for similar terms in P2P storage networks. |
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M L Yiu, N Mamoulis, P Karras, Common Influence Join: A Natural Join Operation for Spatial Pointsets, In: 24th IEEE Intl Conf. on Data Engineering (ICDE), 2008-04-07. (Conference or Workshop Paper published in Proceedings)
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P Karras, N Mamoulis, Lattice histograms: a resilient synopsis structure, In: 24th International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE 2008), IEEE, Los Alamitos, 2008-04-07. (Conference or Workshop Paper published in Proceedings)
Despite the surge of interest in data reduction techniques over the past years, no method has been proposed to date that can always achieve approximation quality preferable
to that of the optimal plain histogram for a target error metric. In this paper, we introduce the Lattice Histogram: a novel data reduction method that discovers and exploits any arbitrary hierarchy in the data, and achieves approximation quality provably at least as high as an optimal histogram for any data reduction problem. We formulate LH construction techniques with approximation guarantees for general error metrics. We show that the case of minimizing a maximum-error metric can be solved by a specialized, memory-sparing approach; we exploit this solution to design reduced-space heuristics for the generalerror case. We develop a mixed synopsis approach, applicable to the space-efficient high-quality summarization of very large data sets. We experimentally corroborate the superiority of LHs in approximation quality over previous techniques with representative error metrics and diverse data sets. |
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Elaine May Huang, Khai Truong, Breaking the disposable technology paradigm: Opportunities for sustainable interaction design for mobile phones, In: ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), USA, 2008. (Conference or Workshop Paper published in Proceedings)
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J Novak, M Aggeler, Gerhard Schwabe, Designing Large-Display Workspaces for Cooperative Travel Consultancy, In: Extended Abstracts of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in computing systems (CHI 2008), 2008-04-05. (Conference or Workshop Paper published in Proceedings)
This paper discusses the design and first deployment experiences of an interactive large-display workspace for face-to-face travel consultancy. The stickiness of client preferences, the asymmetry of information about the solution space and the emotional colouring of client choices, make this complex cooperative process difficult to perform. To support such collocated consultancies we propose a large-display system providing a shared visualization of information resources that can be manipulated jointly by both parties. The use of natural touch interaction and multimedia resources furthers emotional involvement of the user. Results of a preliminary evaluation suggest that such a large-display workspace can greatly improve the cooperation process and both customer and agent satisfaction. |
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K Reinecke, Abraham Bernstein, Predicting User Interface Preferences of Culturally Ambiguous Users, In: 26th Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI), 2008-04-05. (Conference or Workshop Paper published in Proceedings)
To date, localized user interfaces are still being adapted to one nation, not taking into account cultural ambiguities of people within this nation. We have developed an approach to cultural user modeling, which allows to personalize user interfaces to an individual's cultural background. The study presented in this paper shows how we use this approach to predict user interface preferences. Results show that we are able to reduce the absolute error on this prediction to 1.079 on a rating scale of 5. These findings suggest that it is possible to automate the process of localization and, thus, to automatically personalizing user interfaces for users of different cultural backgrounds. |
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T Kuhn, AceWiki: A Natural and Expressive Semantic Wiki, In: Semantic Web User Interaction at CHI 2008: Exploring HCI Challenges, 2008-04-05. (Conference or Workshop Paper published in Proceedings)
We present AceWiki, a prototype of a new kind of semantic wiki using the controlled natural language Attempto Controlled English (ACE) for representing its content. ACE is a subset of English with a restricted grammar and a formal semantics. The use of ACE has two important advantages over existing semantic wikis. First, we can improve the usability and achieve a shallow learning curve. Second, ACE is more expressive than the formal languages of existing semantic wikis. Our evaluation shows that people who are not familiar with the formal foundations of the Semantic Web are able to deal with AceWiki after a very short learning phase and without the help of an expert. |
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Felix-Robinson Aschoff, J Novak, The mobile forum: real-time information exchange in mobile SMS communities, In: 26th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2008), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), New York, 2008-04-05. (Conference or Workshop Paper published in Proceedings)
In this paper we propose a definition for a mobile
community based on the value of knowledge exchange
among locally dispersed community members. Against
this conceptual background, we propose a low-tech
mobile community setting using SMS messaging and
customary mobile phones. The feasibility of this
approach is tested in a field study. Results show that
successful information exchange is established with
high user traffic and that participants judge the
communication to be helpful. User requirements hint to
the need for a better structuring of SMS messages,
alternative input/output devices and location-based
services. Implications for the future support of mobile
communities are discussed. |
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Thomas Keller, Nutzenpotential flexibler Prozesse, University of Zurich, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Information Technology, 2008. (Dissertation)
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Xinhua Wittmann Zhang, Andrea Schenker-Wicki, How deep-seated is trust in organizational relations, In: International Business Conferences, Arlington, Virginia, 2008. (Conference or Workshop Paper)
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Xinhua Wittmann, Andrea Schenker-Wicki, Stefan Burch, Personal trust between hierarchies within Chinese organizational settings, In: 2008 International Conference of the Society for Advancement of Management (SAM), "Innovation", 2008-04-03. (Conference or Workshop Paper published in Proceedings)
With the fast pace of globalization and knowledge-driven economy, the notion of trust in intra- and/or trans-organizational relations has attracted enormous attention both in academic research and business practices. It has been recognized that trust as a central mechanism
within and between organizations plays a crucial role for economic performance. Trust relationship at personal levels is particular important in an environment where the institutional foundations for trust are still underdeveloped. China is commonly regarded as a country with
low levels of institution-based trust. As a consequence, the quality of business relations, economic transactions and strategic alliances are strongly dependent on the degree of trust at personal levels.
The objective of this study is to contribute to our understanding of trust relationships between hierarchies within Chinese organizational settings. In this paper, we present our empirical research on trust at personal levels carried out in a large Chinese state-owned enterprise. Three hypotheses that characterise the subordinate’s trust in the superior are developed and tested. Based on the statistical evaluations from 1216 samples collected, factors that influence the truster’s propensity to trust are outlined. The determinants for the trustee’s trustworthiness are analysed. In conclusion, we emphasis that further research on trust at personal levels in different enterprises, and trust at organizational levels are needed in order to draw a generalised picture on trust relationships in organizational settings. |
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Pierre Monnin, Three essays in financial economics, University of Zurich, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Information Technology, 2008. (Dissertation)
PART 1: Stock price with consumption CAPM: an international comparison
PART 2: Time variations in the equity premium: is it habit formation or loss aversion?
PART 3: Common exposure and systemic risk in the banking sector |
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Delia Coculescu, Hélyette Geman, Monique Jeanblanc, Valuation of default-sensitive claims under imperfect information, Finance and Stochastics, Vol. 12 (2), 2008. (Journal Article)
We propose a valuation method for financial assets subject to default risk, where investors cannot observe the state variable triggering the default but observe a correlated price process. The model is sufficiently general to encompass a large class of structural models and can be seen as a generalization of the model of Duffie and Lando (Econometrica 69:633–664, [2001]). In this setting we prove that the default time is totally inaccessible in the market’s filtration and derive the conditional default probabilities and the intensity process. Finally, we provide pricing formulas for default-sensitive claims and illustrate in particular examples the shapes of the credit spreads. |
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Dimitri Egloff, Liquidity at Risk zur Steuerung der Liquidität bei Banken, University of Zurich, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Information Technology, 2008. (Bachelor's Thesis)
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