Hans Hjelm, Martin Volk, Cross-language ontology learning, In: Ontology learning and knowledge discovery using the web: challenges and recent advances, IGI Global, Hershey, PA, p. 272 - 297, 2011. (Book Chapter)
A formal ontology does not contain lexical knowledge; it is by nature language-independent. Mappings can be added between the ontology and, arbitrarily, many lexica in any number of languages. The result of this operation is what is here referred to as a cross-language ontology. A cross-language ontology can be a useful resource for machine translation or cross-language information retrieval. This chapter focuses on ways of automatically building an ontology by exploiting cross-language information from parallel corpora. The goal is to improve the automatic learning results compared to learning an ontology from resources in a single language. The authors present a framework for cross-language ontology learning, providing a setting in which cross-language evidence (data) can be integrated and quantified. The aim is to investigate the following question: Can cross-language data teach us more than data from a single language for the ontology learning task? |
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Bruno Frey, Punishment - and Beyond, Contemporary Economics, Vol. 5 (2), 2011. (Journal Article)
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Matthias Inauen, Andrea Schenker-Wicki, The impact of outside-in open innovation on innovation performance, European Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 14 (4), 2011. (Journal Article)
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of an open outside-in innovation management strategy on companies' innovativeness and innovation performance. Specifically, it focuses on the adoption of the open innovation paradigm in practice and the extent of collaboration with different stakeholders.
Design/methodology/approach – The proposed hypotheses are tested empirically using survey data collected from stock-listed companies in Germany, Switzerland and Austria. The data include the complete responses from 141 R&D managers for the period from 2004 to 2008.
Findings – The openness of the outside-in process in R&D management is of crucial importance for achieving high direct and indirect innovation output effects. In particular, openness towards customers, suppliers and universities has a significant positive impact on the different innovation performance measures. Regarding openness towards cross-sector companies, the analysis reveals a significant negative effect on innovation performance.
Research limitations/implications – The utilization of cross-sectional data and its dependency on the perceptions and experiences of the respondents has its limitations. Thus, future research should be based on a more longitudinal design that emphasizes quantitative measurement techniques.
Originality/value – To date, the adoption of open innovation in practice has not been examined in depth. This study provides empirical insights into the open innovation approaches in German-speaking countries and, by drawing important conclusions for managers involved in the R&D processes, fills a gap in the innovation management literature. |
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Andrea Schenker-Wicki, Matthias Inauen, The economics of teaching: what lies behind student-faculty ratios?, Higher Education Management and Policy, Vol. 23 (3), 2011. (Journal Article)
The student-faculty ratio is of great significance to policy makers and media as a popular measure of education and teaching quality. Due to its simplicity and the availability of data, it is often used in higher education policy for allocating resources and for ranking universities. This is especially so in some European countries which do not have selective admission policies and where universities have to cope with huge numbers of students. However, there is no definition and no empirically validated data for an appropriate student-faculty ratio. To close this gap, we constructed a model with parameters relevant for high quality teaching and education and validated them empirically by conducting a survey among university professors in business administration. The results clearly illustrate that student-faculty ratios are discipline specific and depend whether the university is research or teaching oriented. |
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Advances in Databases - 28th British National Conference on Databases, BNCOD 28, Manchester, UK, July 12-14, 2011, Revised Selected Papers, Edited by: Christian Tilgner, Boris Glavic, Michael Hanspeter Böhlen, Carl-Christian Kanne, Springer Verlag, Heidelberg, DE, 2011. (Proceedings)
Modern server systems schedule large amounts of concurrent requests constrained by, e.g., correctness criteria and service-level agreements. Since standard database management systems provide only limited consistency levels, the state of the art is to develop schedulers imperatively which is time-consuming and error-prone. In this poster, we present Smile (declarative Scheduling MIddLEware), a tool for developing domain-specific scheduling protocols declaratively. Smile decreases the effort to implement and adapt such protocols because it abstracts from low level scheduling details allowing developers to focus on the protocol implementation. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach by implementing a domain-specific use case protocol. |
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Nikolaus Augsten, Denilson Barbosa, Michael Böhlen, Themis Palpanas, Efficient top-k approximate subtree matching in small memory, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge & Data Engineering, Vol. 23 (8), 2011. (Journal Article)
We consider the Top-k Approximate Subtree Matching (TASM) problem: finding the k best matches of a small query tree within a large document tree using the canonical tree edit distance as a similarity measure between subtrees. Evaluating the tree edit distance for large XML trees is difficult: the best known algorithms have cubic runtime and quadratic space complexity, and, thus, do not scale. Our solution is TASM-postorder, a memory-efficient and scalable TASM algorithm. We prove an upper bound for the maximum subtree size for which the tree edit distance needs to be evaluated. The upper bound depends on the query and is independent of the document size and structure. A core problem is to efficiently prune subtrees that are above this size threshold. We develop an algorithm based on the prefix ring buffer that allows us to prune all subtrees above the threshold in a single postorder scan of the document. The size of the prefix ring buffer is linear in the threshold. As a result, the space complexity of TASM-postorder depends only on k and the query size, and the runtime of TASM-postorder is linear in the size of the document. Our experimental evaluation on large synthetic and real XML documents confirms our analytic results. |
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Igor Timko, Michael Böhlen, Johann Gamper, Sequenced spatiotemporal aggregation for coarse query granularities, VLDB Journal, Vol. 20 (5), 2011. (Journal Article)
Sequenced spatiotemporal aggregation (SSTA) is an important query for many applications of spatiotemporal databases, such as traffic analysis. Conceptually, an SSTA query returns one aggregate value for each individual spatiotemporal granule. While the data is typically recorded at a fine granularity, at query time a coarser granularity is common. This calls for efficient evaluation strategies that are granularity aware. In this paper, we formally define an SSTA operator that includes a data-to-query granularity conversion. Based on a discrete time model and a discrete 1.5 dimensional space model, we generalize the concept of time constant intervals to constant rectangles, which represent maximal rectangles in the spatiotemporal domain over which an aggregation result is constant. We propose an efficient evaluation algorithm for SSTA queries that takes advantage of a coarse query granularity. The algorithm is based on the plane sweep paradigm, and we propose a granularity aware event point schedule, termed gaEPS, and a granularity aware sweep line status, termed gaSLS. These data structures store space and time points from the input relation in a compressed form using a minimal set of counters. In extensive experiments, we show that for coarse query granularities gaEPS significantly outperforms a basic EPS that is based on an extension of previous work, both in terms of memory usage and runtime. |
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Rolf Pfeifer, Josh C. Bongrad, Don Berry, Designing intelligence: Why brains aren't enough, Starmind, e-book, 2011. (Book/Research Monograph)
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Rolf Pfeifer, Josh C. Bongard, Chino-no genri - principles of intelligence (Japanese translation of "How the body shapes the way we think - a new view of intelligence"), Kyoritsu Shuppan, Tokyo, Japan, 2011. (Book/Research Monograph)
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Rolf Pfeifer, Josh C. Bongard, Body Intelligence (Chinese translation of "How the body shapes the way we think - a new view of intelligence"), Science Publisher, Beijing, PRC, 2011. (Book/Research Monograph)
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Rolf Pfeifer, Christian Scheier, Chi-no sosei - the emergence of intelligence (Japanese Translation of "Understanding Intelligence"), Kyoritsu Shuppan, Tokyo, Japan, 2011. (Book/Research Monograph)
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Dana Damian, Dominique Cadosch, P.-T. Huang, Atushi Aoyama, Rolf Pfeifer, Living materials for soft robotics, Advanced Robotics, Special Issue on Soft Robotics, 2011. (Journal Article)
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Shuhei Miyashita, Rolf Pfeifer, Attributes of Two Dimensional Magnetic Self-Assembly, Adaptive Behavior, 2011. (Journal Article)
Self-assembly is a phenomenon broadly observed in nature where a vast number of various molecules spontaneously synthesize complex structures. In this article, prompted by the need for the realization of highly autonomous self-assembly systems that employ magnetism as a driving force, we discuss fundamental issues associated with magnetically driven self-assembly systems. We first introduce some examples from our case studies, in which the models all subscribe to a distributed approach, and thus lack central control. Then we categorize them by their type of magnetic attachment. The issues discussed include several fundamental properties, such as the effect of morphology, stochasticity, the difference between two-dimensional models and three-dimensional models, emergence, allostericity, and parallelism. The conclusions obtained support our stance that the appropriate morphology lightens the control cost for the assembly, providing primal but engaging instances of magnetic self-assembly systems that warrant further study. |
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Michael Nudelmann, Financial Auctions - a model based comparison of standard formats concerning expected revenue and efficiency, University of Zurich, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Information Technology, 2011. (Master's Thesis)
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Raphael Adank, Die Berücksichtigung des Adressenausfallrisikos aus der Sicht einer grossen und diversifizierten Bank, University of Zurich, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Information Technology, 2011. (Master's Thesis)
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Sabine Yoffou, Moral Hazard and adverse selection in markets for credit risk transfer, University of Zurich, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Information Technology, 2011. (Master's Thesis)
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Beinan (Nancy) Ye, Recent Developments in the Study and Regulation of Repo Markets, University of Zurich, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Information Technology, 2011. (Master's Thesis)
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Sabine Yoffou, Moral hazard and adverse selection in markets for credit risk and transfer, University of Zurich, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Information Technology, 2011. (Master's Thesis)
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Lynn Schetgen, Kreditrationierung - Ein Überblick, University of Zurich, Faculty of Economics, Business Administration and Information Technology, 2011. (Bachelor's Thesis)
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Heike Isselhorst, Thorsten Hens, Der Faktor Mensch, In: Blue - the Magazine for Vontobel Private Clients, 1 January 2011. (Media Coverage)
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